Saturday, November 28, 2009

How to evaluate something like the mammography recommendations

This is a long post because it's not a simple topic. Please don't jump to conclusions.

On the e-patients blog, Gilles Frydman, founder of ACOR, has written one of his potent deep-thinking posts. This time he reflects on how we (humanity) tend to get ourselves in trouble when we frame our thinking in terms of "war on..." It doesn't matter whether it's a skillful manipulation ("war on terror" / "Iraq - 9/11") or unintentional; fear comes from the more primal parts of the brain and can prevent that distinctly human skill, thinking.

This is adapted from a comment I posted.

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Before I start, let me say that I have not evaluated or even read the task force's recommendations. The instant I heard the public reaction I knew there was craziness in the air: insanity, reactions to things that weren't being said, hysteria. And I knew what I'd write about wouldn't be a thumbs-up-orodown post, but how to approach such a consideration as an informed, engaged e-patient.

What does this have to do with being an e-patient? Everything. It's increasingly clear that we can't rely on the establishment (political leaders and news media) to interpret science correctly. Gilles lays out the evidence for that well. We must learn to interpret evidence for ourselves.

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1: The purpose of using statistics

Gilles, thanks for tying this to our previous posts on understanding statistics. PLEASE, people, read last November's short post on understanding statistics. And consider reading the excellent paper it links to.

Look at its incredible evidence that even physicians misinterpret statistics - the example on the second page is specifically about gynecologists being unable to correctly interpret mammography data, unless it's presented quite clearly. The point isn't that docs are dumb, it's that misinterpreted statistics lead to confused, botched conclusions.

See, the purpose of statistics is to improve our guesses when we don't have certainty. Use the tool correctly and it'll help; use it wrong and it'll drive you right off the road into a ditch.

Another example in that article is Rudy Giuliani's ignorant, erroneous comparison of apples-and-oranges prostate screening data from the US and UK - data collected under different circumstances in different environments at different times in life. The reality is that prostate mortality is the same in the two countries, but Giuliani's bogus logic led him to declare that the US healthcare system works better than the UK's.

Right: same mortality rate, but pick some arbitrary statistic and claim that it shows there's a difference, even when the actual mortality rate is the same. Brilliant civic leadership.

REMEMBER, PEOPLE, THE PURPOSE OF STATISTICS IS TO IMPROVE OUR GUESSES. Actual outcomes outweigh interim statistics!

(Not to be outdone, in the UK, Tony Blair declared that his country was doing poorly and must improve 20%.)

STOP BEING IGNORANT. Don't use a tool if you don't know what it's for!

In my annual physical today, Dr. Danny Sands and I again discussed whether I should get a PSA test (prostate cancer test). He first brought it up three years ago, and he (unlike many physicians) made clear that the PSA is notoriously unreliable: many false negatives, and many false positives that lead to unnecessary treatment. That's the kind of advice I like: give me straight-up information about the pros and cons, and let me choose.

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2: Every choice in life has risks.
You cannot evaluate doing something without also evaluating not doing it, and comparing.

See, as with the prostate example, there are risks to screening and risks to not screening.

Many articles have discussed that screening tests (a) cost money, (b) can lead to unnecessary treatment because of false positives, which (c) cost more money and (d) can cause harm.

It's exactly the same as the UK birth control issue. The erroneous public reaction was caused by evaluating one arm of the choice and not comparing it with the other. Result: greater risk of clotting: a botched conclusion with medical consequences. You could call it statistical malpractice.

Just SHUT UP if you want to tell me "Don't take away my tests!!" I didn't say that. Don't be insane, hearing things I didn't say. That's hysteria.

I'm not talking about the conclusion, I'm talking about how to make intelligent choices.

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3. Who gets hurt? The patient.

In a comment on Gary Schwitzer's excellent blog, I said what really upsets me in the mammography insanity is that (ironically!) it's women who are put at increased risk by these misinterpretations: women who are left with less accurate advice.

In a similar way, the first case in that paper is about a 1995 UK scare caused by news that new birth control pills were causing a 100% increase in blood clots. True – but the reality was that they produce 2 clots per thousand women, vs. 1 for the old pills. Literally a one-in-a-thousand difference. But oh wow, that's 100%! Headlines!

Here's the consequence: Because of ignorant misinterpretation, massive numbers of women went off the pill, and in the following year ...
  • 13,000 more abortions were done in England and Wales
  • 13,000 more births, including 800 under age 16
The special irony is that both abortion and pregnancy have higher rates of clotting than the pill itself. So the whole ignorant diversion was not only ill-considered, it worsened women's health (while increasing abortions and births).

Doesn't it irk you that the righteous protests about protecting women's health, ignorantly considered, lead to bad advice?? These errors in interpreting science harm people.


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4. The idiocy of asking celebrities their opinions

Whatever credibility our network news media had with me, they lost it when they trotted out ignorant celebrities to contribute to the misinformation campaign.

A new blog, the oddly named Celebrity Diagnosis, has chosen the mission of talking about health issues through the lens of celebrity discussions. They cite how dumb celebrities have been on this topic, particularly Jaclyn Smith saying "They want to abandon proven therapies. It's wrong."

Excuse me? Since when is a test a therapy? Jaclyn, is checking your pants the same as laundering them? Maybe that's over your head. So shut the hell up on medical advice, willya?

But that's what Gilles is talking about when he cites moral panic, which the Center for Media Literacy defines as "A sudden increase in public perception of the possible threat to societal values and interests because of exposure to media texts."

And what better way to drive people to panic than fear of death?

But hold on; I've been there. Let's think.

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5: On the fear of cancer and death

When I learned on 1/22/07 that my median survival time was 24 weeks, it was NOT pleasant for me. "No. I am not done. Not ready to go."

But after the abrupt shock, I found myself able to look it in the eye and think. What are my choices? Where do I start?

Twenty years ago I listened to tapes titled "Conscious Aging" and "Approaching Death" by Ram Dass, a spiritual teacher who was born Richard Alpert and who, in the sixties, wrote Be Here Now. After years in Tibet with gurus he worked with many dying people during the AIDS epidemic. (I've seen him speak, and believe me, when he entered the large hall, some sort of presence filled the room. Never seen anything like it.)

He speaks of death matter-of-factly, and his perspective aided my acceptance of what I was abruptly facing. I wasn't interested in going through that door, but after a while I realized that if that's what was happening, I could face it.

And that freed me to have authentic conversations with people about it, and with myself: I was able to choose my path with a clear mind.

I don't diminish the concerns of people who face cancer and/or death - everyone's trip is different. But throughout my cancer journal on CaringBridge.org I talked about the power of the words and concepts we use in discussing our world. I opted not to engage in discussion of "OMG!" and "How terrible!" I chose to think about "What are my options? What could be done that would make any difference?"

If we could all face death calmly I bet we'd be able to make much better choices in how we interpret evidence.

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6: Think.

That's why hysteria (Wikipedia: "unmanageable fear or emotional excess") is so very, very harmful. When people lose their minds, perhaps because they're told foolish misinterpretations of the evidence, what are the odds of reaching a sane conclusion?

Oh wait: we don't have to ask the odds. This time we know.

Well done, Gilles. Obviously you touched a nerve.

Thursday, November 26, 2009

Engage with Grace: The "One Slide" Project

Last Thanksgiving weekend, many of us bloggers participated in the first documented “blog rally” to promote Engage With Grace – a movement aimed at having all of us understand and communicate our end-of-life wishes. As someone who faced the thought of death not that long ago, this touched me, and I participated. Have you thought about it?

It was a great success, with over 100 bloggers in the healthcare space and beyond participating and spreading the word. It was intentionally timed to coincide with a weekend when most of us are with the very people with whom we should be having these important conversations – our closest friends and family.

Our original mission – to get more and more people talking about their end of life wishes – hasn’t changed. But it’s been quite a year – so the organizers thought that this holiday we’d try something different.

A bit of levity.

At the heart of Engage With Grace are five questions designed to get the conversation started. We’ve included them at the end of this post.To help ease us into them, and in the spirit of the season, we thought we’d start with five parallel questions that ARE pretty easy to answer:


Silly? Maybe. But it underscores how having a template like this – just five questions in plain, simple language – can deflate some of the complexity, formality and even misnomers that have sometimes surrounded the end-of-life discussion.

So with that, we’ve included the five questions from Engage With Grace below. Think about them, document them, share them.


Over the past year there’s been a lot of discussion around end of life. And we’ve been fortunate to hear a lot of the more uplifting stories, as folks have used these five questions to initiate the conversation.

One man shared how surprised he was to learn that his wife’s preferences were not what he expected. Befitting this holiday, The One Slide now stands sentry on their fridge.

Wishing you and yours a holiday that’s fulfilling in all the right ways.

To learn more please go to www.engagewithgrace.org. This post was written by Alexandra Drane and the Engage With Grace team. If you want to reproduce this post on your blog (or anywhere) please write to me and I'll send you the HTML.

Saturday, November 21, 2009

"Who Says I Can't?" Jothy Rosenberg's incredible story

During my illness three years ago people said my attitude was incredible, and my gut says yeah, it played a role in my total recovery against nasty odds. The first paragraph of my CaringBridge journal ended saying we'll "do everything we can to maximize my chances. Top of the list: a strong mental attitude and a clear mind!"

Thanks to online Connecticut friend Kathleen Tinkel, I just discovered a guy who takes "attitude" to a new level of inspiration: Jothy Rosenberg. 37 years ago he lost a leg to osteosarcoma, which spread 3 years later to his lungs; he lost 40% of them. Well, check this out:


He's ridden the 192 mile Pan Mass Challenge bike ride seven times, and has swum from Alcatraz to San Francisco 16 times. With one lung and one leg.

Why? He writes, "To get through life at all I desperately needed to find a way to regain a sense of self-confidence. I did that through athletics."

He's written a book, launching Dec. 16, titled, aptly enough, "Who Says I Can't?" His story's on his blog here, and the book's Facebook page is here.

I gotta meet him....

Update March 17, 2010: Jothy is currrently planning his next Alcatraz swim. Go donate. I did.

His website/blog: http://www.whosaysicant.org/
Twitter: http://twitter.com/Jothmeister
Facebook fan page: http://www.facebook.com/whosaysicant
His book, "Who Says I Can't?" http://www.whosaysicant.net/

Monday, November 9, 2009

How can public media help healthcare?

Time for a quick crowdsourcing exercise.

In a few hours Lee Aase of Mayo Clinic (Twitter: @LeeAase) and I will be in a workshop on how public media can help with public health. We'd like your thoughts.

The workshop is at the Paley Center for the Media in Manhattan (they also have a branch in LA), and is funded by a small grant from the Ford Foundation. The issue is to consider, in this time of great pressure for healthcare and significant change as the media world goes digital and social, how public media can help.

Excerpt from the invitation letter (emphasis added):
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Research shows that one of the major contributors to health inequities and poor health is insufficient access to health-related information. ...[a panel] concluded that “[i]ntransigent and growing health inequities call for new thinking about the role of public health in creating the conditions in which all people can be healthy.” Among many recommendations, the Panel called for new community partnerships that would increase access to health information and community health-related outreach.

...

This workshop will look at some critical questions that have far-reaching implications for the health care industry, general public, policymakers, private media, and public media.

  • Where does the market fail in reporting on health-related problems and solutions and how can public media fill this gap? [market=normal commercial business processes]

  • What role should different public media institutions, including social media and applications, play in health reporting?

  • What is the proper role of public media in serving as a platform and clearinghouse for health-related information and data?

  • What are public media’s special competencies, potential contributions, in health outreach (informational and other)?

  • What structural changes are necessary in terms of technology (e.g., bandwidth), partnerships, funding to enable public media entities to play a more productive role in the dissemination, collection, and creation of health information?

Your thoughts on any of those will be appreciated!